Clients taking lithium need to monitor their intake of which substances?

Clients taking lithium must monitor their intake of water and salt for several important reasons related to how lithium works in the body and its side effects.

Lithium is a mood stabilizer that is commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It can affect the body's electrolyte balance, so it is crucial for individuals on this medication to maintain a consistent level of sodium (salt) intake. If the salt intake is reduced, the body may compensate by retaining more lithium, which can lead to toxicity. Conversely, excessive salt intake can lead to reduced lithium levels in the blood, potentially diminishing the drug's therapeutic effects.

Additionally, maintaining proper hydration is essential while taking lithium. Adequate water intake helps to prevent dehydration, which can also influence lithium levels and contribute to potential side effects. Adjustments in water intake can alter renal handling of lithium, causing fluctuations that may lead to either toxicity or inadequate treatment.

In contrast, while monitoring food and sugar intake could be relevant for general health and wellbeing, they do not have the same direct impact on lithium levels as water and salt do. Caffeine, while it may affect some individuals differently, is not as critical to monitor in relation to lithium therapy compared to hydration and sodium balance.