Which term describes a form of active suicidal behavior, including gestures, threats, or attempts to end one's own life?

The term that best describes a form of active suicidal behavior, including gestures, threats, or attempts to end one's own life, is "parasuicidal." This term encompasses a range of behaviors that are indicative of a person being at risk for suicide, where the intent may not necessarily lead to actual death but represents serious expression of distress or a plea for help. Parasuicidal actions may involve non-lethal attempts or gestures that convey suicidal thoughts or feelings, which can be critical indicators for mental health professionals to assess and intervene appropriately.

In contrast, while self-harm refers to intentionally causing harm to oneself, it does not always imply suicidal intent, and therefore may not fully encompass the broader range of actions described in the question. Suicidal ideation specifically refers to thoughts about suicide, rather than the actual behaviors associated with making threats or attempts. The term "suicidal gesture" often describes a specific act that is meant to signify suicidal thoughts but might not be as widely accepted or comprehensive as "parasuicidal." Thus, "parasuicidal" accurately captures the nature of active suicidal behavior vocalized through various expressions.